Package Test Procedures and Standards
Test methods form the basis of performance specifications, allowing repeatable, controllable and meaningful assessment of the physical performance of a packed product. Whether it be routine validation testing or one-off technical investigation, using the correct test method is key to running a successful assessment and to delivering the right conclusions for decision making.
Our knowledge covers the range of internationally recognized pre-shipment testing and performance test methods and standards including:
- The range of ISTA proecures and projects
- ASTM D4169, ASTM D7386 and associated ASTM standards
- ISO, CEN and BSI standards/methods
- DEF STAN and Mil-Std
- UN for dangerous goods/hazardous materials.
See below for a detailed list of standards commonly used by Pira for package testing.
For more regulated sectors (pharmaceutical and medical) Pira assists with identifying the relevant standard and how it should be applied prescriptively for FDA/MHRA/MDMA compliance. Please see our Thermal and Climatic Package Testing page for further details on cold chain testing and thermal package evaluation.
Within consumer packaged goods sectors, projects commonly involve generating a tailored testing program drawing from Pira's 50+ years of supply chain hazard knowledge. Our know how is built up from field, lab and data recording projects. For more information on tailored test method/protocol development see our Test Method and Protocal Development page. Pira has also conducted leading research on laboratory test methods for simulating the retail supply chain; please see our Retail Supply Chain Test Method page for more details.
Pira is represented on the CEN and ISO bodies responsible for developing packaging performance standards. Pira's Sam Sheppard Fidler is a member of the board of Directors of ISTA Global and is Chair of the ISTA European Board. Pira staff members are also active on ISTA's Technical Council.
Pira's laboratories are ISTA certified and Pira's UK laboratory is certified to ISO 17025.
Standards Commonly Used by Pira for Package Testing
| ISTA Methods | Description |
| ISTA 1A | Packaged-Products weighing 150 lb (68kg) or less |
| ISTA 1B | Packaged-Products weighing Over 150 lb (68 kg) |
| ISTA 1C | Extended Testing for Individual Packaged-Products weighing 150 lb (68 kg) or Less |
| ISTA 1D | Extended Testing for Individual Packaged-Products weighing Over 150 lb (68kg) |
| ISTA 1E | Unitized Loads |
| ISTA 1G | Packaged-Products weighing 150 lb (68 kg) or Less (Random Vibration) |
| ISTA 1H | Packaged-Products weighing Over 150 lb (68 kg) (Random Vibration) |
| ISTA 2A | Packaged-Products weighing 150 lb (68 kg) or Less |
| ISTA 2B | Packaged-Products weighing Over 150 lb (68 kg) |
| ISTA 2C | Furniture Packages |
| ISTA 2D | Packaged-Products Considered Flat |
| ISTA 2E | Packaged-Products Considered Elongated |
| ISTA 2F | Performance Testing of Shipping Containers for LTL Shipment National Motor Freight Classification Item 180 NCC/LTL |
| ISTA 3A | Packaged-Products for Parcel Delivery System Shipment weighing 70 kg (150 lb) or Less |
| ISTA 3B | Project: Packaged-Products for Less-Than-Truckload (LTL) Shipment |
| ISTA 3E | Unitized Loads of Same Product |
| ISTA 3F | Packaged Products for Distribution Center to Retail Outlet Shipment, 100 lb (45 kg) or Less |
| ISTA 3H | Performance Test for Products or Packaged-Products in Mechanically Handled Bulk Transport Containers |
| ISTA 3K | Under final development - Fast Moving Consumer Goods in the European Retail Supply Chain |
| ISTA 4AB | Project: Packaged-Products for Shipment in Known Distribution Channels |
| ISTA 5B | Focused Simulation Guide for Thermal Performance Testing of Temperature Controlled Transport Packaging |
| ISTA 7A | Project: Open Reusable Transport Containers for Loads of 60 lbs (27 kg) or Less and Unitized for Shipment on a Pallet |
| ISTA 7B | Closed Reusable Transport Containers for Loads of 150 lbs (68 kg) Less |
| ISTA 7C | Reusable Intermediate Bulk Containers |
| ISTA 7D | Thermal Controlled Transport Packaging for Parcel Delivery System Shipment |
| ISTA 7E | Thermal Transport Packaging Used in Parcel Delivery System (including Manual 20) |
| | |
| ASTM Methods | |
| ASTM D 642 | Test Method for Determining Compressive Resistance of Shipping Containers, Components, & Unit Loads |
| ASTM D 880 | Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Containers and Systems |
| ASTM D 951 | Test Method for Water Resistance of Shipping Containers by Spray Method |
| ASTM D 996 | Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environments |
| ASTM D 999 | Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers |
| ASTM D 4003 | Methods of Programmable Horizontal Impact Test for Shipping Containers |
| ASTM D 4169 | Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems |
| ASTM D 4332 | Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing |
| ASTM D 4728 | Test Method for Random Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers |
| ASTM D 5276 | Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by Free Fall |
| ASTM D 5277 | Test Method for Performing Programmed Horizontal Impacts Using an Inclined Tester |
| ASTM D 5487 | Test Method for Simulated Drop of Loaded Containers by Shock Machines |
| ASTM D 6055 | Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates |
| ASTM D 6179 | Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates |
| ASTM D 6653 | Test Methods for Determining the Effects of High Altitude on Packaging Systems by Vacuum Method |